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| 63 BC |
| | | Pompey captures Jerusalem, bringing Judaea under Roman control | |
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| 58 BC |
| | | At the end of his year as consul, Caesar travels north to become governor of northern Italy and southern France | |
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| 55 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar makes the first of his two invasions of Celtic Britain | |
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| 54 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar returns to Britain for a second visit, this time reaching north of the Thames into the kingdom of Cassivellaunus | |
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| 52 BC |
| | | The Celtic leader Vercingetorix inflicts an unaccustomed defeat on Julius Caesar, at Gergovia, but is captured later in the year | |
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| 52 BC |
| | | In his winter quarters Julius Caesar writes The Gallic War, an account of his own achievements in suppressing the Gauls | |
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| 47 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar concludes a campaign in Asia Minor so speedily that he declares, succinctly, Veni, vidi, vici ('I came, I saw, I conquered') | |
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| 46 BC |
| | | A town is founded by Julius Caesar on the ruined site of Carthage, and eventually flourishes as Colonia Julia Carthago | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | With the annexation of Egypt, the entire Mediterranean falls under Roman control | |
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| c. 20 BC |
| | | The Netherlands, or 'low countries' around the Rhine delta, enter history as the Roman province of Germania Inferior | |
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